Transformer.



W. M. DANN TRANSFORMER,

7 APPLICATION min ocr. 2. 1914.

1,289,406. Patented Dec. 31,1918.

IINVENTOR WITNESSES:

; ATTORNEY UNITED hi l fir l hll l VJALTER M. DAWN,

ELECIHIG AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A GORPORATIQN TRANSFORMER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

. atcnterl Dee. 31h,

Aoplication filed October 2. 1914. Serial No. 864.5%.

To all iii/tom it may concern.

Be it known that I, Vianrnu M. Daren, a citizen of the United Skates and a resident of lvilkinsburg. in the county oi .'\lle 1'ln-.n and State of lennsylvania, have invented a new and useful improvement in 'lranslormers, of which the following is a specili *ation.

My invention relates to trzuisiormors. aml it has special reference to cooling means For power transformers of large capacity.

In air blast transformers, it is usual to direct cooling air in passageways that may be disposed between the various coils, the coils and the core members. and the core members and the inclosing casings. This type of construction necessitates the use (it casings which entirely inclose the core structures, and. as a result, the weights cl large kilowatt-capacity transformers are consideb ably increased because of the size of the easings required to inclose such transformers. Again, the air duets between the coils aml the core members must usually be large to furnish adequate ventilation thereby effect ing an increase in the length of the mean turns of the current-carrying coils anal a. consequent increase in the amount oi copper requireti. in the transformers.

By means of my invention, a transformer may be constructedv Which will weigh cousiclerably less than a transformer of equal capacity and of the common type of construction. Another advantage usually nocruing from the use or" my invention the high heat-radiating capacity which I secure While, at the same time, the air ducts be tween the coils and the core members may be substantially reduced in size or entirely eliminated. As a. result, the amount of copper required may be considerably reduced.

it is frequently found in large-capacity air-blast transformers that certain portions of the laminations will become much better than other portions and it is. therefore, a. further object of my invention to so construct a cooling means that the spots requirin z the larger volume of cooling air will be supplied with such volumes While those portions which are relatively cool receive the smaller amounts of air.

The features which l believe to be novel and which characterize my invention are pointed out in the appended claims. While the invention itself is exemplified in a structure that is described in llcation and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which Figure l is a view, partially in elevation and partially in section. of a transformer embodying a form of my invention; Fig. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the bottom. plate upon which the transformer Oils and cores are supported. and clelieetors attached thereto illustrating the manner in which sairl deflectors are operated to direct more or less air upon the laminations; enrl Fig. 3 is an clcvational view taken on the line l-l of Fig. 2, some laminations being pilml upon the bottom plate shown in Fig. :2.

Referring now more specifically to Fig. 1. a transformer of the shell-type construe-- tion rests upon a hollow cast metal base i which registers with an opening 2 of an airpressure chamber that. is always provided in conjunction with air-blast transformers. The core member 8. comprising a plurality of superposed lamiiuo, is provided with top and bottom end frames 4 and 5, respectively, the latter of which engages the upper rim of the base i. A hollow metal top (3 is disposed on the upperenrl frame l and is previrlml with an air outlet opening 7 which may be closed by a hing rl door 8. Tie rods 9 engage lugs lfi which are formed. at the four corners oi the curl frame 4 and the top members 6,' anal are screwed into the lower emi frame 5. Cnwont-carrying coils 11 embrace a portion of the core members longer legs 12 of the coils helm inclosed by the core members. as is .usual in shell -type construction.

insulating strips l3, interposed between adjacent coils ll. provide air ducts between the (oils by means of which cooling air blasts may traverse between the Plifllll: hers inclosed hy the top and bottom membe s 1 and 6. It will be notcrl that air ducts liand 15 are also provided between the coils and the core members. An air pressure is maintainerl in the chamber provider-l bythe base 1 in order to promote the flow of air currents through the ventilating passages disposer] in the active material of the trans former. Ev means of the. hinged rloor 8, the flow otthcsc air currents may he recu latecl. In certain cases. the air rlucts rlisposecl between the coils and. my method of the following speciend portions of the coils l1.

cooling the core members 3 to dissipate the heat generated in the transformer may be relied upon a and the ducts 1e and 15 omitted.

The members 1 and b protect the exposed It will be noted that the core member 0 is not provided with an inclosing casing. Inasmuch as the heat generated within the core members 3 flows edgewise in the laminae instead of through the faces of the laminae, it will be seen that, by directly exposing the outer edges 16 of the lamina: to the outer air, the heat-radiating capacity of the transformer may be greatly increased.

When the transformer is operating under load conditions, I have discovered that its heat-radiating capacity may be greatly enhanced by directing air currents transversely across the directly exposed surfaces 16 of the laminated core in quantities dictated by the temperatures of the several sides of said core. To this end, I provide ports 17 in the end member 5, which are disposed adjacent to the lower portion of the core member 3. Adjustable vanes or deflectors 18 cover the ports 17in order to regulate the flow of thel landles 18 atair currents therethrough. tached to the deflectors 18, oermit of regulating the air emitted from the ports 17.

It will be noted that through the medium of the handles 18*, the vanes 01' deflectors 18 can be moved to secure a larger or smallen opening whereby mprepr less air, as may be desired. can be directed upon the edges of the laminated structure. Since the several vanes 18, are therefore. separately. adjustable, it will be entirely possible to so direct the air used as a cooling means that those portions of the laminated layers which are hottest will receive the larger volume oi air. Referring now to Figs. 2 and the manner in which these vanes or deflectors 18 are operated, will be seen.

I will first describe Fig. 3 wherein the port 17 is shown as partially closed by the deflector 18 with which is operatively associated the handle 18. Rising from the plate 5 are lugs 19 pro '/'l(l9(l with recesses into which project pivots 20, said pivots being cast integrally with the vanes 18. By pressing downwardly on the handle 18, it will be observed that the vane 18 is revolved around the pivots 20 and thereby moved into the position shown by the dotted lines. lln this latter position the port is entirely uncovered. as shown.

In Fig. 2 I have illustrated the number and relative positions of the deflectors 18 used in my transformer. It will be observed that one vane is positioned in proximity to each side of the exposed portions of the laminated core, each of said deflectors or vanes being provided with a handle and independently operable as above described in connection with Fig. 2 to allow more or less cooling air to be dii ieted upon said exposed All of the vanes are analogous in structure, operation, and relative position to that one shown at the right side 01 Fig. 2.

With the three vanes illustrated in the several positions oi? l ig'. 2, it will be observed that dillercnt ized openings 21, 22 and 2? are provided through which the cool g air may be provided. The opening 521 in obtained when the handle 18 and the vane 18 are in the position shown by the full lines of Fig. 3. It now, the r 18 be rotated away from the lamination edges, an opening; as shown at 22 will be obtained. By further rotation of the'vane 18 into the dicated by the dotted lines n maximum opening 23 Fig. 3. will he obtained.

It will be apparent, therefore, that the vane disposed in proximity to any side of the lamination. edges may be so o lerated that I have found that it is unnecessary to provide an inclosing casing around the core member 3 in order to confine the cooling air currents in close proximity to the core memher for heat-conducting purposes. The air currents which are emitted from the ports 17 will flow upwardly and transversely across the exposed edges of the laminae there being an inherent tendency for these air currents to adhere closely to the laminae along the entire length of the core member. The lugs 10 are so positioned at the top of the core member 3 in order not to impede the free flow of the air currents emitting from the ports 17.

From the foregoing description, it will be apparent that, by reason of the high heatradiating capacity resulting from the direct exposure of the core member 3 to the outer air. and directing thereupon cooling air currents, my transformer may be operated under full-load conditions while insuring maintenance of safe temperature rises in the active material of the transformer. At the same time. l eliminate the necessity of using a casing which incloses the entire transformer inclusive of the core member.

ll bile l have shown and described, some what in detail, a transformer built in ac cordance with my inven n, it will be anlllll illll aamoe member, said means being so adjustable that varying quantities of air may be directed against the sides bf pore member.

2. A transformer, comprising current'carrying coils, core members therefor which comprise a plurality of superposed laminae, the outer edges of which are directly exposed ;to the outer air, and a plurality of adjustable means to direct air currcrlbp pwardly and transversely across the exposed'edges of said laminae, said means being sever-all? operable to direct volumes of cooling air across said exposed edges in quantities dictated by the temperatures of the various portions of said exposed laminae- 3. A transformer comprising current-carrying coils, core members thereon which comprises a pluralit of ellPQBPQ lamina? the outer edges of w ich are exposed to the outer air, a hollow base membci' to port the core member, said base member adapted to register with an opening of an air-pressure chamber and being provided with ports adjacent to the core member, and adjustable means severally associated with said ports and individually operable to open and close said ports, by means of which air currents may be directed transversely and upwardly across the exposed edges of said laminae as dictated by the temperature of said exposed portions Y a. A transformer com-{arising current a rying coils, a core meme e therefor which comprises a plural ty of superposed laminae, the outer edges of which are directly exp se- 1 t the er a r, and a hollow b se member Ito support said core member, said base member being adapted to register with an open? ing of an air pressure chamber and being provided with openings, said, openings be ing so controlled thatair may be directed upon the exposed faces of said o e mem in proportion to the degree of coo g quired for said faces.

" A transformer comprising 9911s, a laminated core having portions" thereof @1 1:

braced by said coils, the outer edges of the lamina: of said core being di ectly exposed to the outer air, a hollow base member engaging the core to support. the a v a" terial of the transformer, Sa d base member being adapted to register with open ng of an air-pressure chamber pfbv' dfld with ports adjacent to the core whereby air currents may be directed trans= versely and upwardly across the exposed edges of said laminae, and adjustable means to severally regulate the flow of said air currents in quantities dictated by the temperatures of the various portions of said e posed laminae, whereby those ,ortions which are hotter may be supplie with the greater uantity of cooling air.

" In testimony whereof, I have hereunto my name this 26th day of Sept,

WALTER M. DANNi Wituewos s G. A, hammers, B. B 

